Основните дефекти в производствения процес на огнеупорни тухли са подкопаване, претоварване, увреждане, замърсяване, обкръжение на ядрото, изкривяване, напукване и т.н. .
Подправянето е проблем, причинен от недостатъчна температура на изстрелване, неадекватно време на задържане или студено въздух, влизащ в дупката . При нормални обстоятелства, недостатъчното тухли имат ниска механична якост, свободна връзка, тъпа звук при удари, са склонни да увреждат по време на работа и имат лоша високотемпературна характеристика и устойчивост на ерозия .
Overburning of refractory bricks is a problem caused by excessively high firing temperatures, overly long holding times, or direct contact of flames with the brick surface. Under normal circumstances, overfired bricks have high mechanical strength, low apparent porosity, significant dimensional shrinkage, large deformation of the brick body, overly tight bonding, severe vitrification, crackling sounds when struck, and very poor thermal Устойчивост на шок . Препълването може също да причини огнеупорни тухли да балончета, да намалят плътността, увеличаване на видимата порьозност и увеличаване на разширяването на обема .
The damage of refractory bricks refers to defects such as missing edges, chipped corners and falling particles after firing. The reasons are that the amount of matrix is too small, the strength of the binder is insufficient, the force is too strong during transportation, the mixing is uneven, the particles are separated, the molding pressure is insufficient or the firing temperature is too low, etc.
Refractory brick contamination is caused by defects such as melting holes and iron spots. The cause of the melting holes is that low-melting substances like impurities are mixed into the brick-making material, causing the refractory bricks to melt during firing. Iron spots are dark patches caused by the mixture of iron substances during manufacturing and the oxidation and diffusion of Железни вещества по време на изстрелване . Причината е, че железни вещества се смесват в огнеупорните суровини по време на раздробяване и смилане .
Black heart is a defect that occurs when the center of refractory products remains black after firing. The cause of black heart may be that the surface of the product is sealed by the glass phase formed before the organic matter inside is oxidized, or it may be due to the product being fired in a reducing atmosphere and being affected by an oxidizing atmosphere during cooling.
Cracks in refractory bricks refer to various types of cracks that refractory bricks possess after firing, including surface, internal, visible and concealed cracks. The causes of cracks vary. For instance, excessive weight of the first hammer during molding can lead to layer cracking, and excessive or uneven shrinkage and expansion during drying and firing can also cause пукнатини . Неравномерното отопление и охлаждане на тухленото тяло по време на изстрелване също могат да доведат до непостоянни промени в изстрела или прекомерно термично напрежение, което може да причини напукване .